The Little-Known Secrets to Police Militarization Essay Samples

The Little-Known Secrets to Police Militarization Essay Samples To be certain, it's not essential for militarized forces to really fight the civilian population, like militaries fight. Police officers aren't the only individuals who carry around firearms. Thus parliament couldn't pass legislation that's in contravention of the Constitution. Normally, militarized police units do not seem to supply the safety benefits that lots of police administrators claim. The New Angle On Police Militarization Essay Samples Just Released Merely presenting your arguments won't be sufficient. Below our GED sample essay is a brief analysis justifying its ideal score. So the next time you're worried about the kind of essay, just don't forget that you're ready to write in your voice to a specific level. The principle part is quite a strong element of the essay. Begin each paragraph by stating the principal point that you wish to speak about. It's possible to keep that aside for including in the subsequent paragraphs. Body paragraphs should construct upon one another and current new ideas in every single paragraph instead of circling across the identical idea. There are 3 things that will need to get included in your introduction paragraph. A History of Police Militarization Essay Samples Refuted There are a various writers that are devoted to writing articles for others. Additionally, it's a good idea to test the structure to supply you with a balanced essay, which includes a concise introduction, numerous effectively-organized physique literature sample paragraphs that concentrate on a single thought, and a quick conclusion. After the thesis was written, subsequent you should draft a synopsis of examples which will probably be employed to help the thesis all through the rest of the paper. If you wind up on the watch for a best essay instance, try to pay attention on the truly amazing examples of introductions as nicely. You should study not only 1 example essay to have the idea of how you are able to do it proper. To be certain you compose a great literature paper, this text provides pointers which you will discover useful. Using persuasive essay examples is a great way to prepare to compose a successful essay. To construction an essay, you must simply obey the above format. Bear in mind, personal statement isn't enjoy a normal college essay. There are several good persuasive essay topics to pick from. Your reference list has to be included at the conclusion of your essay. A growing number of professional writers are registering for websites to provide their expertise at quite lower prices. At the center of community policing is the thought that police departments should work in close consultation and cooperation with the general public. There are two kinds of Personal Statement. If learning how to compose a persuasive essay is a challenging job for you then it's possible to ask the help from experts who can demonstrate how to compose an essay. Persuasive writing examples are seen on the internet page and ought to offer help to in the greater comprehension of a literary essay. Practicing the elements of high-quality essay writing is helpful regardless of what topic you concentrate on. Writing templates are very helpful for essays with topics t hat can be unfamiliar to the author. If you do that, you won't only have the ability to write more articles but you will also be able to make great excellent content each and every moment. When you're choosing an essay topic, it's important to select one that has lots of information and statistics to back up your perspective, nor exaggerate any info which you have chosen to write about. The general public website consists of three categories of information. If you're seeking an online site that may give you free essays written by certified and skilled writers, then you definitely shouldn't need to look anywhere else.

Project Management A Buzzword Of The Modern Business World

Although projects can be found dating back hundreds and thousands of years, project management has become a buzzword in the modern business world. Improved technology has allowed and enabled a vast increase in the number of projects to be completed in the workplace. Projects that would once have taken months to complete now take weeks, and new projects follow on their heels. The latest software makes tracking multiple projects easier, and training courses in project management demonstrate new tricks of the trade. The booming economy of the late 1990s made it feasible, from an economic standpoint, for companies to engage in more new endeavors than ever before. New products, new locations, and enhanced services were all the byproducts of the increase in projects. While a recession could mean a dip in big business projects, there will always be a need to complete projects successfully. If nothing else, project management can teach you how to see the big picture and organize all the smaller components of any significant task you undertake. As noted previously, projects can begin in many ways. You might trip over a carton while entering your garage and decide that it s time for a major garage sale to clean up all the junk in there. Poof! You have a project: organize and hold a garage sale. Your boss might come into your office complaining that vacuum sales are down and that you need to create a better product that knocks out the competition before the end of the fiscalShow MoreRelatedCorporate Social Responsibility Of The World Essay1545 Words   |  7 Pagesthe World: The origin of Corporate Social Responsibility in businesses has no fixed date. Most experts, scholars, researchers, practitioners, writers, philanthropists, civil societies conscious citizens opined that it can be carried out in an ethical and socially responsible manner. 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The film and novel Jaws Essay Example For Students

The film and novel Jaws? Essay Comparing this to the film, these words could describe the shark at the beginning of the film while it is moving under water, as it is just swiftly swimming with no harsh movements. The opening passage also contains a complex sentence. This helps to draw out suspense in its varied description of the fish such as stating it could have been asleep, it lacked the flotation bladder common to other fish and that it survived only by moving, which gives a suggestion that the fish is different. In the next paragraph the land is described: All that separated sea from shore was a long, straight stretch of beach This makes the fish seem a possible threat because it shows how close it is to the land, and how anyone could be the next victim of the shark if they decided to go for a swim which is exactly what the woman decided to do next! The story then follows on, introducing the man and the woman. As in the film, they are drunk, making them more vulnerable. Both people are happy and as portrayed n the film, the happiness is expected to be destroyed, as this is a horror story. The woman then leaves the man and goes for a swim; this section takes us through the womans actions. She is then described entering the sea, although much more fear is conveyed, as we know the shark is lurking around in the sea, the woman is calm and relaxed as she in unaware of the shark and the fact that danger is so close to her. At this point if anything did happen to her, we would sympathise because the woman was in a happy and carefree mood. Her happiness is soon to be destroyed in such a disastrous way. The author then refers back to the fish confirming its presence in the water: a hundred yards offshore. The fish is a primitive creature as we are told it relies on its instincts and as this creature detects vibrations, we know the woman has no chance of escape. This part could show the point in the film where the woman is seen from the sharks perspective. The woman is now back in the story. She is described as swimming in the sea unaware of the shark and imminent danger. The author creates an impact using a short sentence: The fish turned towards shore. This helps with the suspense as it is a straightforward sentence and tells us the one main fact, which is in a way life threatening. Throughout this section we are not given the womans name which means she is reduced to just a human body and has no role apart from being the sharks prey. At this point a long sentence is put in which delays the action making the audience extremely anxious and wanting to read on. This fish is once again in the next sentence, described as being physically adept and more powerful than the woman. This is the point where we are almost certain the woman will be eaten. The next section introduces the woman. Throughout this time the fish and woman were introduced one at a time, but now they are finally in the same sentence. His proves to building up gradual suspense. The main technique, that is used to build suspense, is the way the author delays all the action which is just what is done in the next paragraph, where he mentions the woman feels nothing further and resumes her lurching stroke. Some active verbs are also used such as sharp, broke, and cut, this could be a sign of what may happen to the unknown victim by the shark. .ub33ab7dd81b245375738e689418eb783 , .ub33ab7dd81b245375738e689418eb783 .postImageUrl , .ub33ab7dd81b245375738e689418eb783 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub33ab7dd81b245375738e689418eb783 , .ub33ab7dd81b245375738e689418eb783:hover , .ub33ab7dd81b245375738e689418eb783:visited , .ub33ab7dd81b245375738e689418eb783:active { border:0!important; } .ub33ab7dd81b245375738e689418eb783 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub33ab7dd81b245375738e689418eb783 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub33ab7dd81b245375738e689418eb783:active , .ub33ab7dd81b245375738e689418eb783:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub33ab7dd81b245375738e689418eb783 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub33ab7dd81b245375738e689418eb783 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub33ab7dd81b245375738e689418eb783 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub33ab7dd81b245375738e689418eb783 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub33ab7dd81b245375738e689418eb783:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub33ab7dd81b245375738e689418eb783 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub33ab7dd81b245375738e689418eb783 .ub33ab7dd81b245375738e689418eb783-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub33ab7dd81b245375738e689418eb783:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Film Review: Glory EssayOnce more the author refers to the fish and the word now is used. This indicates immediate action. During this point not only do we want some action but we sympathise for the woman as her feelings are described bringing mixed emotions to the audience. The woman is attacked but not instantaneously and the attack is drawn out. However, in comparison to the film, the womans death is more vivid as the author describes it in depth, using complex sentences to express her terrific death. Whereas in the in the film we only get to see her head above water. To conclude my essay, I think the novel and film create suspense in different ways. Both film and novel have an impact in the way they present tension and suspense. In my opinion, I would say the novel has a greater effect. This is partially because while reading we can take sentences such as her torso was ripped apart and create our own scene in our mind. Whereas in the film the picture that is portrayed is the one, which we will accept. Even though the film can use dramatic music and flashing effects, the novel can build up gradual anxiety to keep the reader keen.

Traditional Medicines Essay Example

Traditional Medicines Essay Alternative medicine is any practice that is put forward as having the healing effects of medicine, but is not based on evidence gathered with the scientific method. It is any of a wide range of health care practices, products and therapies, using methods of medical diagnosis and treatments which, at least up to the end of the twentieth century, were typically not included in the degree courses of established medical schools teaching medicine, including surgery, in the tradition of the Flexner Report or similar. 1 In the hierarchy of healers and specialists in Philippine folk medicine, the albularyo may be referred to as the general practitioner, knowledgeable in most of the folkloric modalities, usually especially versed in the use of medicinal herbs. The hilot ambiguously refers both to the manghihilot and magpapaanak. The manghihilot specializes in techniques and treatments applicable to sprains, fractures and muskuloskeletal conditions. The magpapaanak, besides prenatal visits and delivering babies, often performs the suob ritual. Somehealers limit their practice of folkloric therapies to 1 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Alternative_medicine more specialized modalities. The mangluluop specializes in diagnostic techniques, usually referring the patients after diagnosis to the albularyo, medico, or manghihilot for definitive treatments. Most of these healers consider their healing craft as God-given, a calling from a supernatural being, and consequently, their healing practices are profusely infused with prayers and religious rituals, performed through mediation with the Holy Spirit2 In the rural areas, its use is in the purview of the albularyo for a variety of febrile conditions, a childs incessant crying or failure to thrive. We will write a custom essay sample on Traditional Medicines specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Traditional Medicines specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Traditional Medicines specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The TAWAS is used to cross (sign of the cross) the forehead and other suspicious or ailing parts of the body while prayers are being whispered (bulong). It is then placed on glowing embers, removed when it starts to crack, then transferred to a small receptacle of water. As it cools, its softened form spreads on the water surface and assumes a shape that may suggest the cause of the illness, often one of several indigenous forces: dwarfs, devils or other evil spirits (na-nuno, na-kulam, na-demonyo). The water in the vehicle is then used to anoint the ailing part or parts of the body to counteract the evil forces or illness. The tawas is then discarded and thrown westward, preferably into the setting sun. 3 2 http://www. stuartxchange. com/Albularyo. html 3 http://www. stuartxchange. com/Tawas. html Some started their healing craft as albularyos, medicos or hilots. Although their healing ways differ, they share an attribution of their healing power to a higher being often, a gift bestowed on them by the Holy Spirit; or, that they are merely healing mediums of the Holy Spirit. Most remembers a divine encounter, a mystical experience, or in their childhood or early adult life, a spiritual possession or being entered by a being, and a life thereafter, being guided into the path of healing. On one end of the spectrum of faith healers, there are those like the albularyos, manghihilots and other healers, their healing rituals replete with ingredients of religiosity, icons, prayers and invocations, using the same divining ways of tawas and luop, diagnosing black elves, evil spirits, possessions and sorcery as causes of maladies, dispensing their fringe concoctions of treatments. 4 Public school teachers in Zaragoza Nueva Ecija have a strong belief in traditional healers. It was observed that almost all patients seek consult first to a traditional healer. This led us into conducting a study on traditional healers. Using alternative medicine has several implications for public health. Wrong takes of drugs and its doses can lead to liver and kidney damage as well as many complications of our internal organs. Poor medication will be a rapid increase in chronic diseases. Delay diagnostic and prevention of non communicable diseases can lead to morbidity and mortality. 4 http://www. stuartxchange. com/Albularyo. html#FaithHealers STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM This study entitled â€Å"ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE, AS PERCIEVED BY ZARAGOZA NUEVA ECIJA PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS, IT’ S IMPLICATION TO HEALTH. † Basically, this seeks to answer the following questions: 1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of a. Age b. Gender c. Religion d. Occupation(title) e. Number of children f. Current Marital Status 2. What are the effects of alternative medicine to the public school teachers of Zaragoza, Nueva Ecija? 3. 1 Advantages 3. 2 Disadvantages 3. What are the reasons why do these people patronize traditional medicine? 4. 3 Aspects of Religious beliefs 4. 4 Aspects of Culture 4. What are their perceptions regarding faith healers? 5. What is the implication to health? IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY To us students. By conducting this study, we shall learn about the roots of traditional healing, where did the belief come from and how was it developed. We will be able to differentiate the beliefs and practices that are beneficial or harmful to patients so as to determine if there is a need to correct or reinforce. To the respondents. It is important that we correct misconceptions regarding traditional healing, to prevent them from being confirmed, and from generating further misconceptions. It allows us to respect each other’s views considering that we live in a diverse world. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION The scope of our study is for the school public teachers of Zaragoza, Nueva Ecija who and perceived albularyo as their alternative forms of treatment. We have a total of 80 respondents, 24 teachers are from Zaragoza National High School, 12 teachers from Sto. Rosario (Y) Elementary School, 12 teachers from F. B. Mesina Elementary School, 12 teachers from Don Cirilio B. Acosta Elementary School, and 20 teachers from Zaragoza Central School . This study does not cover any private school teachers in Zaragoza, Nueva Ecija. DEFINITION OF TERMS The following terms are defined to enrich understanding of their usage. 1. Alternative medicine- is any practice that is put forward as having the healing effects of medicine, but is not based on evidence gathered with the scientific method. 2. Purview- the scope of operation or concern of something 3. Rural area- is a geographic area that is located outside cities and towns. 4. Surgery- is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance. 5. Teacher- is a person who provides education for pupils (children) and students (adults). The role of teacher is often formal and ongoing, carried out at a school or other place of formal education. 6. Urban area- is characterized by higher population density and vast human features in comparison to areas surrounding it. 7. Zaragoza is a third class municipality in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. The Municipality of Zaragoza is located at the southern edge of Nueva Ecija bordering the town of La Paz, Tarlac which, due to its proximity, is more closely economically coherent with each other. CHAPTER 2 Review of Related Literature FOREIGN LITERATURE Around the time of the Revolutionary War (1775-1783), medical doctors were not considered to fulfill major societal roles. In fact, the practice of medicine was seen as more of a part-time avocation due to the fact that the majority of citizens labeled as doctors also took on full-time occupations such as judge, magistrate, farmer, or merchant. This left little room for private or hospital practice, and as a result, midwives and lay practitioners took care of most medical matters including births, injuries, and illness through the use of herbal medicines and teas, salves, emetics, and purgative medicines. Yet, by the beginning of the 19th century, conventional medicine was beginning to grow. Young men left family businesses, apprenticeships, and clerkships to pursue medicine in prominent colleges around the U. S. Eventually, the use of full-time medical professionals far outweighed the use of midwives and lay practitioners. Despite the growing popularity of the medical profession, patients often labeled conventional medical practices as expensive, imprecise, and dangerous. In response to these concerns, a number of citizens formed the Popular Health Movement (PHM) during the 1830s and 1840s. PHM supporters sought to alter conventional medical practices by incorporating and emphasizing some of the ideas that midwives and lay practitioners had long used to heal their patients. These included herbal remedies, proper nutrition, clean water, exercise, disease prevention, the bodys innate ability to heal itself, and health education. 1 Complementary and alternative medicine is a broad domain of healing resources that encompasses all health systems, modalities, and practices and their accompanying theories and beliefs, other than those intrinsic to the politically dominant health system of a particular society or culture in a given historical period. CAM includes all such practices and ideas self-defined by their users as preventing or treating illness or promoting health or well-being. Boundaries within CAM and between the CAM domain and that of the dominant system are not always sharp or fixed. 2 1 http://www. medaus. com/index. php? view=articlecatid=2%3Atest-area-2id=23%3Athe-history-of-complementary-and-alternative-medicine-in-the-united-states-and-beyond-option=com_contentItemid=24 2 https://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Alternative_medicine LOCAL LITERATURE A teacher or schoolteacher is a person who provides education for pupils (children) and students (adults). The role of teacher is often formal and ongoing, carried out at a school or other place of formal education. In many countries, a person who wishes to become a teacher must first obtain specified professional qualifications or credentials from a university or college. These professional qualifications may include the study of pedagogy, the science of teaching. 1 A study of alternative medicine in the Philippines is, inevitably, a study of the origins of its people and the amalgam of cultures and influences: Centuries of Spanish colonial rule and the indelible consequences of its religion, hundreds of years of trade with China and assimilation of its healing arts, tribal and provincial diversities with its profusion of folklore and mythologies, all redounding into the Filipinos easy disposition for superstitions and the allure for the esoteric, mystical, and fringe. Certainly, western medicine prevails in the metropolitan areas, with its heart centers and hospitals plush with the accoutrements of modern medicine, in the provincial capitals and cities equipped with the diagnostic machineries essential for the commerce of mainstream medicine. But for the majority of the rural poor including the 1 https://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Teacher urban-suburban poor there are the chronic crippling economicdisabilities that make mainstream health care unaffordable, often accessed only as a debt-inducing last resort. For so many in the rural areas, health and healing are consigned and relegated to alternative forms of treatment: hand-me-down herbal concoctions or some form of rural alchemy; prayer-based folkloric therapies; a visit to the faith healer; a consultation with the albularyo or hilot with their bagful of indigenous modalities, dispensing treatments often spiced with a bulong, orasyon or occasional doses of pharmacy-based therapies. 2 The number of faith healers in the Philippines is uncertain; a community in flux, uncountable. They may easily number over ten thousand, many known only in the localitys word-of-mouth directory, preferring to practice in the anonymity and isolation of their deep rural habitats. Only a small number practice bare-handed surgery; and of these, only a handful considered outstanding. 3 2 http://www. stuartxchange. com/AltMedIntro. html 3http://www. stuartxchange. com/FaithHealers. html CHAPTER 3 Method, Procedures and Sources of Data This chapter involves the methodology, research instrument, the sources of data and the statistical treatment of data. METHOD OF RESEARCH The researchers used the descriptive method in this study. A descriptive research is a study that describes the nature of the phenomenon under investigation after a survey of current trends, practices and conditions. Descriptive studies involve analysis of an extremely broad range of phenomena, the result of such analysis are a comprehensive presentation and interpretation of statistical tabulations of data of yield by a survey. 1 SUBJECT OF THE STUDY The respondent of the study were the 24 teachers of Zaragoza National High School, 12 teachers of Sto. Rosario (Y) Elementary School, 12 teachers of F. B. Mesina Elementary School, 12 teachers of Don Cirilio B. Acosta Elementary School and 20 teachers of Zaragoza Central School Their perceptions regarding the effects, advantages and disadvantages of alternative medicine in their life is being discussed. 1 Crestita Barrientos-Tan. , A Research Guide in Nursing Education, 4th Edition. , copyrighted in 1997, 2003, 2006, pg 262 SAMPLING PROCEDURE The researcher will use the simple random sampling wherein the selection of samples on random basis from a sampling frame. Each element has an equal chance or probability of being chosen as subject of the study. STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA Statistics is one way of getting the information’s organized. To have a general view of the whole scenario of the study, statistical tool is used. This also includes the scaling system, which is used by the proponents as a technique to monitor the respondent’s interpretation of facts. 2 After the distribution and collection of the instrument, the responses are tallied by using the frequency, mean, weighted mean and ranking. Below are the Formulas used to arrive to the computation used by the Statistical Tool: 2 http://www. scribd. com/doc/11757473/Thesis-Chapter-2-3-Final Where n = number of respondents who are perceived pseudoscience T = total number of respondent. Mean = F(X1 + X2 + †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Xn) n Where: F = Frequency that a given X was chosen by the respondents X = Represents any of the numerical ratings 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 represents, excellent, very good, good, fair, poor n = Total number of respondents Weighted mean WM = TFV N Where: TFV= stands for total frequency value N= stands for the total number of respondents The response options were assigned could be determined with equivalents and scale below: ValueScaleInterpretation 13. 50=aboveVery dissatisfied 22. 50-3. 49Dissatisfied 31. 50-2. 49Satisfied 41. 49 -belowVery satisfied Please indicate your response to the following statements. | | Strongly Agree| Agree| Disagree| Strongly Disagree| I have faith in traditional healers. | | | | | | | I believe that their supernatural healing-power is given by God. | | | | | | | I have had positive experiences in consulting traditional healers. | | | | | | | I will recommend traditional healers to my friends. | | | | | | | I consult first traditional healers than true doctors. | | | | | | | It is safe to consult traditional healers. | | | | | | | It does not cost expensive. | | | | | | | | What is your reason/s in patronizing traditional healers as your alternative medication? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________| Your co-operation in completing this study by responding to the following questions would be greatly appreciated. Thank you. Mark for your answer. Name of the school: School’s address: Name: Age a. 35 and below__ b. 36-45__ c. 46-55__ d. 56 and above__ Gender a. Male__ b. Female__ Position a. Principal__ b. Head teacher__ c. Master teacher__ d. Classroom teacher__ e. Others: Please kindly state ____________________ Religion a. Roman Catholic__ b. Iglesia Ni Cristo__ c. Born Again__ d. Muslim__ e. Protestant__ f. United Methodist__ g. Others: Please specify __________________ Current Marital Status a. Single__ b. Married__ c. Separated__ d. Divorced__ e. Widowed__ Number of children ____________ Average how long you spend time in consulting traditional healers a. Below 1 hour__ b. 1-2 hours__ c. 2-3 hours__ d. 3 hours and above __ Past or current health problem/s that you consulted to traditional healers (included your family) a. Nakagat ng hayop (aso, ahas atbp) __ b. Nakulam__ c. Nanganak__ d. Namatanda__ e. Nagpatuli__ f. Nausog__ g. Nagpatawak__ h. Nagpahilot__ i. Nagpasuob__ j. Nagpadasal__ k. Others: Please specify _________________ How much money did you spend on consulting traditional healers? a. Below 100 pesos__ b. 100-300 pesos__ c. 300-500 pesos__ d. 500 and above__

How to Write an Accounting Scholarship Essay

How to Write an Accounting Scholarship Essay How to Write an Accounting Scholarship Essay When writing a good Accounting scholarship essay it is important for the writer to read and understand the instructions. This is to make sure one knows well the accounting topic before he or she can start writing. Instructions form the basis or the guideline for which direction the writer will form his or her argument in the accounting subject. This must be followed when the writer is thinking about what he or she is going to write about. In this case the subject is an accounting scholarship essay. It helps for the writer to plan and organize his or her thoughts prior to beginning writing. This is for proper coherence of ideas in the essay. This should be immediately followed by the process of making an outline which helps the writer to organize and streamline thoughts and ideas from the beginning to the end of the essay. Accounting is normally a topic which must be well fitted with specific terms. For one to win a scholarship by writing an accounting essay he or she has to demonstrate that he has more passion and zeal to pursue the course than the rest. A scholarship does not come on a silver plate, it must be earned. A good way to begin writing this essay could be by brainstorming and creating an outline of the relevant ideas to include. Therefore, the writer must see to it that the outline includes all the elements as written in the instructions. The accounting scholarship essay should explain and elaborate in detail every point in the outline. Moreover, accounting scholarship essays must make use of a clear, precise and simplified accounting terminology. Throughout the entire essay the writer has to show some level of maturity in the accounting subject. He or she must be in a position to state and clarify his or her accomplishments in accounting without necessarily showing signs of bragging. The accomplishments in accounting might be the key to winning the scholarship. Furthermore, the writer should see to it that his or her language in accounting is impeccable and without any grammatical mistakes and errors. The question on the accounting scholarship essay must be well addressed and straight to the point, as opposed to throwing ideas here and there without any reliable evidence. To perfect this, there is need for the writer to read the question several times and go through the essay to be sure of what the essay addresses. There should little generalization of the topic or ideas. Lastly, the writer must have someone with p rofound writing and editing experience to proofread the Accounting scholarship essay before it is submitted.

The Phases of the Moon Explained

The Phases of the Moon Explained One of the most often-asked questions that astronomers get is: what are moon phases? Most people know that the Moon appears to change shape over time. Does it look round and full? Or more like a banana or a lopsided ball? Is it up in the daytime or the nighttime? Throughout each month, the Moon appears to change shape while it appears in the sky at different times, including in broad daylight!. Anyone can observe these changes as they happen. The Moons ever-changing shapes are called lunar phases. Gradual Change Anyone can Measure from the Back Yard A lunar phase is simply the shape of the sunlit part of the Moon as seen from Earth.  Phases are so strikingly obvious that we almost take them for granted. However, they can be observed throughout the month from the backyard or via a simple glance out the window. The Moons shape changes for the following reasons: the Moon orbits Earth;both Earth and the Moon orbit the Sun;the Moons orbit is the same length as the time it spins on its axis (about 28 Earth days), which means that we see the same part of the lunar surface all month;the Sun illuminates both Earth and the Moon. Get to Know the Lunar Phases There are eight phases of the Moon that to track each month. New Moon:  During New Moon, the side of the Moon facing us is not illuminated by the Sun. At this time, the Moon is not up at night, but it is up during the day. We just cant see it.  Solar eclipses can occur during the new moon, depending on how the Sun, Earth, and Moon line up in their orbits. Waxing Crescent: As the Moon waxes (grows) into its crescent phase, it begins to show up low in the sky right after sunset. Look for a silvery-looking crescent. The side facing the sunset direction will be lit up. First Quarter:  Seven days after New Moon, the Moon is in first quarter. Only half of it is visible for the first half of the evening, and then it sets.   Waxing Gibbous:  After First Quarter, the Moon appears to grow into a gibbous shape. Most of it is visible, except for a shrinking sliver over the next seven nights.  Look for the Moon at this time during the afternoon, too.   Full Moon:  During the full moon, the Sun lights up the entire surface of the Moon that faces Earth. It rises just as the Sun sets and disappears beneath the western horizon when the Sun rises the next morning. This is the brightest phase of the Moon and it washes out the nearby part of the sky, making it difficult to see stars and faint objects such as nebulae.   Supermoon:  Ever hear of a Super Moon? Thats a full Moon that happens when the Moon is closest in its orbit to Earth. The press likes to make a big deal about this, but its really a very natural thing. A Super Moon happens as the Moons orbit brings it closer to Earth on occasion. Not every month has a Super Moon. Despite the hype about Supermoons in the media, its difficult for the average observer to notice that the Moon might appear only slightly larger in the sky than normal. In fact, famous astronomer Neil deGrasse Tyson pointed out that the difference between a regular full moon and a Supermoon would be about like the difference between a 16-inch pizza and a 16.1-inch pizza.   Lunar eclipses occur only at full moons because the Moon is passing directly between Earth and the Sun in its orbit. Due to other perturbations in its orbit, not every full moon results in an eclipse.   The full moon can appear slightly larger sometimes, creating whats called a Super Moon. Most people really cant tell the difference between them.  Still, its a great chance to observe the Moon!   The other full Moon variation that often grabs media attention is  a Blue Moon. Thats the name given to the second full Moon that occurs in the same month. These dont happen all the time, and the Moon certainly doesnt appear blue. Full moons also have colloquial names based on folklore. Its worth reading about some of these names; they tell fascinating stories about early cultures. Waning Gibbous: After the glorious appearance of Full Moon, the lunar shape starts to wane, meaning it gets smaller. Its visible later at night and into the early morning, and we see a steadily shrinking shape of the lunar surface thats being lit up. The side that is lit up is facing toward the Sun, in this case, the sunrise direction. During this phase, look for the Moon during the day - it should be in the sky in the morning.   Last Quarter: At Last Quarter we see exactly half the sunlit surface of the Moon and it can be in the early morning and daytime sky.   Waning Crescent:  The last phase of the moon before returning to New Moon is called Waning Crescent, and it is exactly what it says: a steadily-shrinking crescent phase. We can see only a small sliver from Earth.  Its visible in the early morning and by the end of the 28-day lunar cycle, it has vanished almost entirely. That brings us back to  New Moon to start the new cycle. Making Lunar Phases at Home Creating lunar phases is a great classroom or home science activity. First, set up a light in the middle of a darkened room. One person holds a white ball and stands a short ways away from the light. He or she turns in a circle, just like the Moon does as it turns on its axis. The ball is illuminated by the light in ways that almost exactly match lunar phases.  Ã‚   Observing the Moon throughout a month is a great school project, as well as something anyone can do on their own or with family and friends. Check it out this month!

Analysis of Globalization and the Production of Locality in Urban Essay - 3

Analysis of Globalization and the Production of Locality in Urban Egypt Article by Farha Grannam - Essay Example The problem arises when globalization is viewed as neocolonialism or Americanization. The flows from the United States and Europe are said to shape the landscape of Cairo in different ways. There is a need for broadening the globalization concept so that the flows responsible for shaping cultural identities and practices. Grannam (250) says that ‘many changes were needed to facilitate the operation of capital†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ this shows that there is a need for several changes to take place in globalization. The new boundaries, differentiation, and social inequalities being produced and clanged by global flows are important to asses. There are things that attract attention to the inequalities that are produced by global processes. Global flows are not only structured but they also structure. There are groups that are empowered by having connections with the western cities. Production of urban locality is an issue that requires to be addressed with the increased movement of images, people, and commodities. Locality is produced by the interactions of those dwelling and those traveling. Locality is what allows individuals to follow collective flows that are resisted in different contexts (Grannam 256). Diane Singerman reviews how there are international scholars who have collaborated in producing information on politics and culture. Looking at Cairo we realize how complicated the normative project of citizenship is within globalization. Through carrying out research on shops, malls, neighborhoods, villages, towns, and historical areas then it is easy to understand the global flows. With the example of Cairo whose economy was not planned, it is easy to understand why it is megalopolis (Singerman 85). I agree that transforming public space to private is legitimated except if it results from the crime, terrorism, or pollution.  

History of American Ethnics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History of American Ethnics - Essay Example In their social and political lifestyle they remain naturally embodied in the simple nature of living and in a way they tend to shun away from the civilization process of life. The noble salvage are regarded as backwards and mostly admired for their simplified mode of living. According to, (The University of Texas at Austin Counseling and Mental Health Center, 2015), the minority model stereotype is a model that is characterized for it rare membership in the society and it is oftenly regarded as the highly group that has the highest positions in the socioeconomic circles of success in the society. They are characterized according to their ethnicity, religion and races among other factors. According to The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica (2014), their characterization comes into effect through their family stability and social status, education levels and their income rates that they acquire. Both the noble savage and the minority have similarities that they share in their day to day life and often, they tend to meet indirectly at different point in time in their social, political and cultural spheres. According to The University of Texas at Austin Counseling and Mental Health Center (2015), the noble salvage has the inborn nature and culture that they have to be proud of their background and that they must intend to keep it running in their lineage. This applies similarity to the minority noble stereotype that is naturally mentored to keep the family wealth and status at par and be proud of who they are and where they came from. The difference here comes in where the noble savage stereotype tend to bank so much on their origin of nature and the minority noble tend to bank so much on civilization. In this case the minority tend to be good in white collar professionalism as they also do well in their academic and educational levels, (T.K., 2010), notes. The blue

Outline the processes of evolution Essay Example for Free

Outline the processes of evolution Essay Outline the processes of evolution and explain how theory of mind is an adaptation resulting from the selective forces that have operated during evolution. Evolutionary psychologists endeavour to understand how animal and human behaviour evolved and the adaptive functions that these behaviours would have had over time. They reflect on ultimate explanations and look for the reasons why such phenomena exist and how this helps to ensure that our genes (the structures containing DNA sequences) are passed to future generations through the process of sexual reproduction. Evolutionary psychology is concerned with identifying which behaviours and psychological traits are adaptive and the function which the latter fulfil. Evolutionary psychologists do not, therefore, look for causal explanations regarding behaviour, but are concerned instead with functional explanations. By researching evolved characteristics and abilities they try to uncover within the processes of evolution how the human mind works, and ultimately how societies function. They conclude that our current physiology and psychology still demonstrate a decisive interplay between adaptations and environments on an evolutionary timescale (Clegg, 2007 pp. 161-2). The theory of evolution is in the most part derived from the work of Charles Darwin (1809-1892). Following many years of painstaking research, most notably surrounding his study of species of the Galapagos Islands, he arrived at the theory that species have gradually evolved from common ancestors. He researched the possible processes through which evolutionary change could have occurred and argued that there is a strong relationship between genes and environment, whereby genes that allow for traits most suited to dealing with changes in the environment will be selected for. Darwin recognized how important sexual reproduction (where genes are passed to the next generation) is for creating variation, and that inherited characteristics and genetic variation are open to random changes. However, the forces of natural selection have effect on these changes enabling the mechanisms that ensure the organism is better able to survive within their environment are selected for, and consequently more likely to be passed onto the next generation. The processes of selection occur over extremely long periods of time. Hominoids (the family containing primates) evolved around 22 to 31 million years ago, with humans appearing very recently on the evolutionary timescale somewhere between 150,000-200,000 years ago. We should note also that since it is the genes that endure over time, selection refers not to the survival of the individual or indeed of the species, but to the survival of the genes. Evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins noted that People act as vehicles to contain the genes, and these are passed on when they reproduce (as cited in Clegg 2007, p 121). Humans, being highly social creatures, require psychological mechanisms that enable them to successfully interact within the social environment. For example, being able to guess what another person is thinking in order to predict how they might behave, or understanding others behaviour so as to be responsive to their feelings, or even being capable of deceit are all highly useful abilities for social interaction. In an evolutionary context, these social skills and empathy with others would have greatly improved an individuals survival chances and/or reproductive success, ultimately increasing the chances of his genes passing onto the next generation. Such traits would have been a positive asset to the species as a whole. As psychologist Simon Baron-Cohen explained by being able to predict one anothers behaviour, two individuals can work together more effectively thereby improving survival chances (As cited in Clegg 2007, p. 133). Our ancestors who possessed such characteristics would have had a great advantage over those who did not. Thus in accordance with Darwins theory these abilities, over time, would have been selected for. The ability to predict and explain the actions both of oneself and of others, and the ability to mentally put oneself in the place of another is known as theory of mind. It is associated with the ability to manipulate and influence others within a social context both in a positive and in a negative way. These abilities are essential in gaining social status and resources, forming alliances and obtaining sexual partners. Ultimately, they are greatly significant in the role they play in reproductive success and our continued survival as a species. Theory of mind interests evolutionary psychologists because it is fundamentally relevant to modern human behaviour. Psychologists are particularly concerned with its evolution and its role, hence much research has been carried out involving children, those diagnosed as autistic, and non-human primates in order to develop upon hypotheses. Evidence collected from research involving these groups has led psychologists to better understand theory of mind and its functions. A large amount of studies on the aforementioned three groups involve testing deception and false beliefs using a version of the Maxi test devised by Wimmer and Perner (1983). However, there are more modern experiments which have revealed evidence of theory of mind in children as young as 2 years old. Further evidence in the form of archaeological findings, such as signs of burial rituals and evidence of art production has been uncovered. The ability to create imaginary images or the notion of an afterlife would suggest that our ancestors were able to conceptualize the thoughts and beliefs of others. Research evidence from experiments carried out involving children from many different societies and cultures shows that theory of mind is universal, and consequently indicates that it may be an evolved adaptation. Much of the research suggests that it may have evolved because it effected human interaction within social environments which would have benefited humans and their offspring. Those who displayed a strong theory of mind are likely to have improved their chances of survival by increasing their social status, or they may have used deception, or plan ahead to their advantage in order to gain more resources. They may have been able to negotiate dangerous situations by predicting others behaviour, or those with a highly developed theory of mind may have had more success regarding sexual reproduction. We can say then that theory of mind is an intrinsic element of our humanness, with evidence suggesting that its adaptive function is a result of the selective forces of evolution. It is all about enhancing social relationships; a perspective that is supported by a number of researchers (Baron-Cohen, 1999; Byrne and Whiten, 1997; Dunbar, 2003) (As cited in Clegg 2007, p. 138). Theory of mind as a psychological mechanism has been a highly influential factor to the developmental progress of the human race, and unequivocally instrumental to the success of the species.

Technology Assisted Reproduction Essays -- Research Reproduction Essay

Technology Assisted Reproduction Introduction Reproduction is fundamental for the perpetuation of a species and therefore is a trait all species possess. Human reproduction is usually not viewed in this context. Extinction of humans is not considered a threat, but the ability to reproduce is an issue of meeting social expectations. Psychologist Dr. Helen Fisher states that society tends to pressure women into feeling that motherhood is their sole connection to being female (Rutter, 1996). Likewise, men are influenced by society into feeling that they need to perform their part by "planting the seed" (Rutter, 1996). Fisher's insight may only represent parts of the reason humans feel the need to reproduce. However, it is evident that the ability to conceive a child is an important issue for most married couples. Unfortunately, complications occur when couples are infertile. Recent developments in reproductive technology have provided alternative methods of reproduction that can greatly enhance an infertile couple's chances of conc eiving. However, there are ethical and legal issues that accompany the use of these reproductive technologies. It is the responsibility of everyone, especially Christians, to become informed of the options reproductive technology can provide as well as the legal and ethical issues involved with their use before taking appropriate action. Background Beginning at puberty, the human male makes millions of sperm a day and continues to do so for about the next 50 years. On the other hand, the human female is born with approximately one million eggs, which are all that she will ever have (Infertility, 1996). The onset of menstruation during adolescence signals the beginning of a cycle in which hormo... ...win births soar with popularity of fertility drugs." Discovery. http://detnews.com/1997/discover/9702/20/02170076.htm. (September 24, 1998). Nelson, J.B. (1973). Human Medicine: ethical perspectives on new medical issues. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House. "Reproductive Medicines." (1998). Organon. http://www.fertility-net.com/medicines.html. (September 23, 1998). "Reproductive Technology." (1996). Better Health and Medical. http://www.betterhealth.com/HK/ArticleMain/0,1349,178-496-488,00.htm. (September 23, 1998). Rutter, V. T. (1996, March). "Who stole fertility?" Psychology Today. pp. 46-49. Thomasma, D. C. & Kushman, T. Eds. (1996). Birth to Death. New York: Cambridge University Press. Youngkin, Dr. (1997). "Fertility Drugs." Texas Medical Association. http://www.texmed.org/news_events/radio_spots/ne_may0697_30.htm. (September 24, 1998).

Bad behaviour

Behavior is defined as the way a person undertakes his or her actions. Bad behaviors can be curbed by either positive or negative punishment. I have developed a bad behavior of back biting which I am very determined to finish. I have become a very nuisance gossiper whereby I can back bite ten neighbors in a day. Every time I get a neighbor outside her premises, I always tell her news about the other neighbors with so much exaggeration. I can not leave any rumor undiscussed.Since most of the stories of are not truthful, they end up reaching the person I have talked about. This behavior is costing me most of my friends hence the reason why am seriously thinking about quitting by employing positive punishment. For a start I will begin with always keeping my self busy so as to minimize the chances of meeting my neighbors. Day one: I manage to stay indoors for most of the day but I meet some of my neighbors on my way to the grocery store and although I restrain myself, I end up back bitin g ten times as usual.Day two: am feeling like no matter what happens am not supposed to talk about anybody but unfortunately, my next door neighbor comes visiting. One thing leads to another and I end up discussing seven of my friends. At the end of the day although I can see there is an improvement I am not comfortable. Day three: I nearly swear that am no longer going to be gossiping people, because I have already realized that my greatest weakness is being close to anyone who is willing to listen to my fake news.Although the urge of talking ill about somebody is almost killing me, I do as much as I can to restrain myself but I end up gossiping five neighbors. Day four: I have so much household chores to attend to so I spend the whole day indoors and luckily, I receive two friends only who I send off immediately after attending to them so I manage to finish the day without back biting anyone. I congratulate myself at the end of the day and see it as a day well spent. Day five: I t ravel to visit my grannies who live hundred miles from my home.Although I do not meet with any of my neighbors, I meet an old acquaintance whom we used to live with in the same neighborhood and eventually we gossip three of my neighbors. Day six: I am feeling tired due to my yesterday’s traveling so I don’t feel like seeing any neighbor and therefore I manage to finish the day without a single gossip Day seven: I think I am getting used to not gossiping at all and in fact I don’t feel the urge I had before I decided to quit this bad behavior.Although I happen to meet to meet with some of my neighbors, I happen to gossip no one (Sundel, Sundel, 2005 p 130- 137) I have a major improvement although I have not stopped completely. I think that it is just a matter of time and I quit it all together. REFERENCES Changing Behavior with Positive Reinforcement, retrieved on 3rd, November, 2008, available at http://www. fairview. org/healthlibrary/content/bha_behav_bha. htm Martin Sundel, Sandra Stone Sundel (2005) Behavior Change in the Human Services: Behavioral and Cognitive Principles and Applications, NY, SAGE,

Reaction of Natives to the Japanese Occupation of Sea

The Japanese occupation of Vietnam, Indonesia and Malaya impacted and hence triggered a response in Vietnam, Indonesia and Malaya in the form of various nationalist groups. Some groups were formed and sponsored by the Japanese, yet others were formed to oppose the harshness of Japanese rule. Economic: The economic drain on the colonies in South East Asia resulted in the opposition of the natives towards the Japanese. In Malaya, the devastation and collapse of the economy caused a nightmare for the people of Malaya. However, many nationalist groups were formed within racial groups. The Chinese formed the Malayan Peoples’ Anti-Japanese Army (MPAJA). However they were not able to unite the society because membership was limited to Chinese only and they practiced excessive revenge against collaborators, causing the Chinese community to regard them with fear and wariness and the other racial communities could not join, hence fragmenting the effort. The Japanese sponsored the formation of the Indian National Army (INA) led by Chandra Bose, however the independence struggle lacked unity and ultimately failed. They also sponsored the formation of the Union of the Peninsular Indonesia (KRIS), however there was not much support from both the ethnic Malays and Japanese and also failed in the end. In Vietnam, the rampant inflation and the scarcity of basic necessities caused the nationalism in Vietnam to flourish. When the famine in Tonkin broke out in 1944, the Viet Minh took over granaries belonging to the Japanese and rich landlords and distributed the rice to the peasants. This contributed to the rise of the Viet Minh as they were viewed as heroes. Hence, in both cases, the harsh conditions caused by the Japanese occupation led to the rise of nationalist groups in Malaya and Vietnam. Social: The Japanese Occupation changed the society of Vietnam and Indonesia. It gave the people of Vietnam an obvious nationalist cause, to expel both the Japanese and the French. This allowed to Viet Minh, who promoted the struggle for independence, to flourish. The negative effects of Japanese policies roused the nationalist feelings of the people, making them more united in their fight for independence. In Dutch East Indies, the Japanese pursued active policies which affected the development of nationalist groups. The Muslim teachers were given better treatment and respect in contrast to the Dutch who generally ignored them. The Japanese also sponsored the formation of the Consultative Council of Indonesian Muslims, also known as Masjuni, for the Muslims as a channel to voice their views directly to the top Japanese administration. They also imposed a uniform legal and education system, making Indonesian society more united and hence making it easier to cultivate nationalist feelings. The social changes caused by the Japanese to these two South-East Asian countries contributed to the rise of nationalism, which in turn served as the backbone of the natives’ struggle for independence after the Japanese occupation. Political: The political changes in Indonesia and Vietnam aided the rise of nationalism in these two countries. In Indonesia, the Japanese released several notable pre-war leaders from prison, allowing the released leaders to lead the nationalists. They also promoted the formation of the Pemuda Movement, which together with PETA helped to mobilize many youths and exposed them to nationalist ideas. Hizbullah, an organization for youth who opposed colonialism, was also formed. Furthermore, Soekarno, one of the released leaders, gave numerous nationalist speeches to active youths. These youths formed a significant base for the nationalist opposition to the re-imposition of Dutch colonial rule. In Vietnam, the rise of nationalism led by the Viet Minh and Ho Chi Minh, is seen when the harsh conditions caused by the Japanese resulted in the solidification of the struggle by the Vietnamese for independence from the French and Vietnamese. Furthermore, the Japanese also actively strengthened religious groups like the Cao Dai and Hoa Hao to counter the influence of the communists and nationalists. However, these groups would later become major nationalists groups after the Japanese Occupation. The Japanese directly caused the rise of nationalism in these two South-East Asian countries due to the effects of their policies, effectively aiding the nationalists in their struggle for independence from not only the Japanese but also their former colonial masters at the end of the war. In conclusion, the groups that mushroomed as a result of the Japanese occupation served as the main backbone of anti-colonial struggles for independence both during and after the Japanese occupation. Though the rule of the Japanese varied in different countries in the region, the end result was the same in all, nationalist groups ready to lead the struggle for independence with or without Japanese support. The reaction of the people in response to the Japanese forever changed the history of South-East Asia.

Walmart in the South

Walmart in the South Introduction Walmart’s success in Mexico can be attributed to its competitive cost-reduction strategy. The implementation of NAFTA helped to solve most of the problems that Walmart was facing. Part of the success comes from the new manufacturing companies that established in Mexico. The production of goods in Mexico reduced Walmart’s reliance on imports.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Walmart in the South specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Improved infrastructure played a role in enhancing the effectiveness of the firm’s logistics system. Walmart faces reduced growth in the U.S. market, and varied success in the international markets. There is a culture clash between subsidiaries’ managers and the group’s executives. The firm can use local brands to enter new markets. There is a greater opportunity if Walmart can exploit the unmet needs in the emerging markets. Analysis The implement ation of NAFTA helped to solve most of the problems that Walmart was facing (Daniles, Radebaught and Sulivan 365). Walmart is known as a low price retailer. Without NAFTA, Walmart was finding it hard to maintain low prices. A tariff rate of 10% made it difficult to compete with local firms (Daniles, Radebaught and Sulivan 365). It shows that Walmart relied on imports, before the formation of NAFTA. Walmart’s success can be attributed to NAFTA, which is based on imported goods. Part of the success comes from the new manufacturing companies. As a result of the new manufacturing companies, Walmart does not need to import some of the products. The tariff rate is 3% in the post-NAFTA era (Daniles, Radebaught and Sulivan 365). Walmart can obtain the goods at a free-tariff rate if they are manufactured in Mexico. The manufacture of goods in Mexico helped Walmart to avoid imports. Freight costs and tariffs are eliminated as a result of local production. NAFTA helped to reduce the cos t of imported goods. Part of the success comes from improved infrastructure. Better infrastructure has helped Walmart to solve the logistical problems that it encountered when it entered Mexico (Daniles, Radebaught and Sulivan 364). The firm was finding trouble to use its experience in logistics because Mexico lacked supportive infrastructure. The Mexican government and the private sector have been involved in improving infrastructure. Any American firm would have encountered similar logistical problems. Walmart’s central distribution centers have reduced part of the problem. The distribution centers provide a central location, which reduces the overall distance that goods need to be transported. It can be noted that Walmart’s competitive strategy provides its ability to succeed.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Walmart has continuously reduced prices as part of its competitive strategy (Daniles, Radebaught and Sulivan 364). Walmart relies on low prices to capture a larger market share. The ability to negotiate with suppliers for lower prices is Walmart’s competitive strategy. Walmart captured a large market share through acquisitions, which gave it a higher bargaining power over suppliers. Competitors collaborated to have a similar advantage. However, they are disappointed by Walmart’s continuous reduction of product prices. Walmart’s success in competitive pricing can be attributed to its strategy to gain a large market share, and collaborate with suppliers. Another American retailer would not have succeeded with a different strategy. Walmart’s strategy in reducing costs gave it a competitive advantage. Comerci and Soriana have combined their purchases to gain a higher bargaining power over suppliers (Daniles, Radebaught and Sulivan 365). Walmart’s main strategy is to reduce costs by working c losely with suppliers. Comerci and Soriana are forced to combine their purchases because they have lost their market share. Comerci and Soriana need a continuous improvement strategy to reduce cost. The firms need internal controls to reduce costs continually. If they can continually reduce costs, they will be able to match Walmart’s competitiveness. Walmart’s strategy in Mexico and Central America is to focus on cost reduction, and an efficient logistics system. The effectiveness of the logistics system has been used to support suppliers, and the distribution network (Daniles, Radebaught and Sulivan 364). Walmart segmentation makes it easier to target specific demographic groups. Bilateral agreements have reduced the tariff rates of imports from 49 countries (Daniles, Radebaught and Sulivan 365). Walmart has gained a wider range of option in countries from which it can import goods. NAFTA reduced tariff rates in North America making it easier for the firm to import pr oduct from the U.S. into Mexico. Geographical proximity has an impact on free trade agreements as it can be seen in the NAFTA agreement. It has an impact on the cost of freight. It affects the speed at which goods may be imported. When countries are located close together, goods take less time on board.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Walmart in the South specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some of the challenges the firm may face as it expands include culture clashes, logistical problems, intense rivalry from local brands, and misunderstanding consumer preferences in different countries. Intense rivalry emerges when competitors copy Walmart’s pricing strategy. Misunderstanding consumer demand comes from entering new markets. Logistical problems are attributed to poor infrastructure, and different trends in new markets. Alternatives Enter new markets using local brands, and then convert to Walmart after some tim e (BDC par. 4) Walmart used the same approach in Mexico (Daniles, Radebaught and Sulivan 363). It can work in markets where people are loyal to local brands. The firm may also use local brands permanently. Advantages The firm can capture a large market share rapidly because it is able to benefit from the local brand. It provides time to win local brand loyalists, before changing to Walmart. It provides time learn and integrate new cultures. Disadvantages It may build the local brands instead of promoting Walmart as a brand. It may be necessary to have separate marketing programs to capture different brands, which may increase marketing costs. Find markets for products that can be made locally as new products Eyring, Johnson and Nair (par. 5) suggest that the best way to succeed in the emerging markets is to find unmet needs, and develop products to meet the needs. The firm can seek to find out why some products are not very successful, and find ways of increasing the attractiven ess of the products. Eyring, Johnson and Nair (par. 3) discuss that multinationals fail to succeed in emerging economies because most of them think that reducing costs is the only formula to succeed. Advantages New products in new markets have a potential for rapid growth in revenues. Customers in emerging markets have a tendency of trying new products (BDC par. 3). Disadvantages New products may need a lot of marketing to create awareness. New products may turn into slow moving stock. New products may need importation, which increases cost. Walmart can succeed by targeting the largest social class in a country Eyring, Johnson and Nair (par. 5) explain that when a company targets high-income earners in emerging economies, they may not be very successful. The reason is that high-income earners do not form a large part of the population in emerging economies. Advantages Middle-income earners are increasing in emerging markets. Revenues rely on the sale of basic commodities, which can get support from middle-income earners. Disadvantages The largest social class may have a low purchasing power, especially in emerging markets. The major difference between high-income earners and middle-income earners may be in the purchase of durables. Middle-income earners may purchase less of durable products than high-income earners. Walmart needs to update its automatic logistics system to recognize products with a high percentage of discounts, which they would not want to be reordered Advantage It will prevent reordering of products that do not maximize profits. Disadvantages It will be costly to regularly update the programmed system to match emerging needs. It will need verbal communication between managers of units, executives, and developers of the program. One of the ways of managing culture diversity is by managing the flow of information Nataatmadia and Dyson (581) discuss that knowledge sharing can applied down-upwards within an organization to improve mul ticultural understanding. Nataatmadia and Dyson (582) support written communication as opposed to verbal communication for communities where English is learnt in the classroom rather than from practice. Advantages Written communication creates time for better statements and understanding between members. Written communication gives time to non-native English speakers to understand the subject. Managers can learn new things about the people’s culture. Disadvantages Written communication may require support software such as intranet or internet. It involves additional cost. Written communication may reduce openness, which is necessary for sharing knowledge. The Arkansas executive can allow managers in individual countries to create their own organizational culture provided that they meet the firm’s objectives The organization can have only the core parts of its organizational culture standardized.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Advantage The subsidiaries can meet the organization’s goals without having a culture clash between managers and employees. Disadvantages Walmart’s organizational culture may be lost when each subsidiary is identified with a different organization culture. It may difficult to transfer the same success Walmart has in the U.S. to other countries if managers cannot adapt to Walmart’s organizational culture. Conclusion Walmart has the alternative to manage by objectives, and allow subsidiaries to form their own organizational cultures. Sharing knowledge can be used to reduce culture clashes between managers. Walmart continuously reduces prices, which may prevent competitors from catching up with its low price strategy. Competitive pricing may not always be successful. Exploiting the unmet needs is a formula that may work best in emerging markets. Recommendations The firm can enter new markets using local brands. Acquisitions are a good penetration strategy in ne w markets with strong local brands. Television advertisement provides a better coverage, but is very expensive. In the U.S., in 2011, it was about $110,000 on average for a 30-second ad (Crupi par. 1). They can be used in the early stages, before the firm reverts to other methods of advertisement. Later, the firm can scrap out advertisement costs, which can be used to lower the cost of products. BDC. Doing Business in Emerging Markets. 13 Jun. 2010. Web. Crupi, Anthony. In Their Prime: Broadcast Spot Costs Soar. 22 Jun. 2011. Web. Daniles, John, Lee Radebaught and Daniel Sulivan. International Business. 14th ed. 2011. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Print. Eyring, Matthew, Mark Johnson and Hari Nair. New Business Models in Emerging Markets. 31 Jan. 2011. Web. Nataatmadia, Indrawati and Laurel Dyson. â€Å"Managing the Modern Workforce: Cultural Diversity and Its Implications.† Proceedings of the 2005 Information Resources Management Association International Confe rence. San Diego. May 15-18 (2005): 580-584. IRMA. Web.

Choosing a Coursebook and Teaching Materials for ESL

Choosing a Coursebook and Teaching Materials for ESL Finding the right coursebook is one of the most important tasks a teacher needs to undertake. This quick guide will help you in your decision-making process and point you to some of the resources on this site that can help you find the right coursebooks and supplementary materials for your course. Tips Evaluate the makeup of your class. Important considerations include the age, final course (are the students going to take a test?), objectives, and whether the class is made up of students learning for work purposes or for a hobby.If you are teaching a standard test course (TOEFL, First Certificate, IELTS, etc.) you will need to choose a coursebook that specifically for these tests. In this case, make sure to choose the coursebook based on the age of the class. Dont choose a book that prepares for another test as these tests are very different in construction and objectives.If you are not teaching a standard test course, are you going to teach a standard syllabus or do you want to focus on a specific area such as conversation or making presentations?Standard syllabuses require books that will cover grammar, reading, writing, speaking, and listening skills.If you are teaching a non-standard syllabus class, maybe focusing on one skill set, youll need to get some resource books for your classroom work. If you would like to take a different, non-grammar based, approach then take a look at either the lexical approach (focusing on building language skills from vocabulary and linguistic forms) or the Brain friendly approach (focusing on bringing a wide variety of learning types into play).If you are going to teach a Business English or ESP (English for Specific Purposes) course you will need to not only find a standard special English book but also use the Internet as a means of finding specific information and content related to the industry.You may also want to consider using the software as a means of extending the possibilities in the classroom.

Ethos Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ethos - Essay Example ect has received awards such as the National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences and has been nominated for a 2009 Daytime Emmy Award, the reputation of the project is good and makes a reader know the project in advance even before attending the events (The Latino Comedy Project Web). The previous awards qualify the website to be credible. The project’s reputation may induce a reader to believe the website even without proof because of the good sense and the goodwill. The Latino Comedy Project website designer has also proved the credibility of the website and the project by using few words and language that is appropriate for the comedy industry. The like â€Å"one night only† are brief and are widely used in several comedy advertisements and would therefore prove the credibility of the website (The Latino Comedy Project Web). Additionally, inclusion of several other venues and events in the calendar, including contact and an interactive email list is enough to confirm that the website is credible and the Latin Comedy Project is real. The website sounds fair to everyone who loves comedy and it has revealed the expertise of the Latin Comedy

Was Winston Churchill the greatest leader in the 20th century Essay

Was Winston Churchill the greatest leader in the 20th century - Essay Example The paper would examine Churchill’s broad vision and lofty ideologies pertaining to his administration, his political clout as a leader and the manner in which he faced and handled the different problems that stood in his path. It would also form an analysis of how effective his leadership was and the impact it created on the country’s progress. In this context, the paper would also attempt to discuss the varied attributes of Sir Winston Churchill, highlighting his exemplary personality and the strategic and inspiring decisions he had to make as the leader of his country and validate and conclude whether this fact of being one of the greatest leaders of the 20th century was true or false. Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill was born in the United Kingdom on 30th Nov. 1874 to Lord Randolph Churchill from the UK and Lady Randolph who was an American. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill, lived with his family at Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire, and after a long stint with journalism ‘started his career as an army officer in the British Army’ (Source 5, 2002, p.162) and thereafter engaged himself in politics because he was fired with a keen desire to serve his country with great passion and vigor. Life in the early years was not a bed of roses for him, because he was a difficult kid to manage at school where he often got punished for misbehavior. But nevertheless, he showed a very keen interest in subjects such as poetry, history and writing English essays than learning Latin, Greek or Math and never relished the company of his friends. After his High School he completed his graduation at the age 18 at Royal Military Academy at Sandhurst in Buckinghamshire. After two years that is at age 20, when his life turned more exciting, he started to achieve many things (Source 2, 1952, p.38). His achievements can be classified into four periods namely;

What can we learn from change strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What can we learn from change strategies - Essay Example is going to discuss how the programme of change affects the structure of the organization illustrating briefly the organization structure prior to change and the results of the change programmes. The paper will also discuss the impacts of change on the staff and systems in relation to motivation and engagement of staff and the new way in which they have to work following the change. Hill and Jones (2007) noted that the programme of change has positive impact on the structure of the organization as the changes are meant to improve ways of achieving the goals and objectives of the Companies. Strategic changes occurred in Asda Superstore in order to deal with new products in the market, increased competition, new government regulations, changing the workforce and technological developments hence the business was assured of success. Prior to the change the organization structure of Asda Superstore was simple since they had less employees and managers and hence running the business was easier. Changes had to be considered because the supermarket was struggling to increase sales and change in consumer habits that were driven by the increase in online shopping and low incomes among customers made it difficult to succeed. Change programmes were initiated after the demand of the products in Asda superstore increased and therefore there was need to change strategies so that they can meet the needs of the customers. Jansson (2008) stated that the organizational structure for Asda superstore was refined, their accountabilities clear, duplication removed and decision-making made swift and communicated transparently. The strategic changes in Asda superstore had a positive impact on the staff and systems, as they were encouraged to contribute to the success of the organization by being given a chance to share their ideas and being involved in the decision-making processes (Samson and Bevington, 2012). After the strategic changes, some staff members were motivated by being

Viscoplasticity and Static Strain Ageing

Viscoplasticity and Static Strain Ageing Viscoplasticity Inelastic deformation of materials is broadly classified into rate independent plasticity and rate dependent plasticity. The theory of Viscoplasticity describes inelastic deformation of materials depending on time i.e. the rate at which the load is applied. In metals and alloys, the mechanism of viscoplasticity is usually shown by the movement of dislocations in grain [21]. From experiments, it has been established that most metals have tendency to exhibit viscoplastic behaviour at high temperatures. Some alloys are found to exhibit this behaviour even at room temperature. Formulating the constitutive laws for viscoplasticity can be classified into the physical approach and the phenomenological approach [23]. The physical approach relies on the movement of dislocations in crystal lattice to model the plasticity.  Ã‚   In the phenomenological approach, the material is considered as a continuum. And thus   the microscopic behaviour can be represented by the evolution of certain int ernal variables instead. Most models employ the kinematic hardening and isotropic hardening variables in this respect. Such a phenomenological approach is used in this work too. According to the classical theory of plasticity, the deviatoric stresses is the main contribu- tor to the yielding of materials and the volumetric or hydrostatic stress does not influence the inelastic behaviour. It also introduces a yield surface to differentiate the elastic and plastic domains. The size and position of such a yield surface can be changed by the strain history, to model the exact stress state. The theory of viscoplasticity differs from the plasticity theory, by employing a series of equipotential surfaces. This helps define an over-stress beyond the yield surface. The plastic strain rate is given by the viscoplastic flow rule. To model the hardening behaviour, introduction of several internal variables is necessary. Unlike strain or temperature which can be measured to asses the stress state, internal variable or state variables are used to capture the material memory by means of evolution equations. This must include a tensor variable to define the kinematic harden ing and a scalar variable to define the isotropic variable. The evolution of these internal variables allows us to define the complete hardening behaviour of materials. In this work we consider only the small strain framework. The basic principles of viscoplasticity are similar to those from Plasticity theory. The main difference is the introduction of time effects. Thus the concepts from plasticity and the introduction of time effects to describe viscoplasticity, as summarised by Chabocheand Lemaitre[21] are discussed in this chapter. Basic principles Considering small strains framework, the strain tensor can be split into its elastic and inelastic parts ÃŽ µ = ÃŽ µe+ ÃŽ µin(2.1) where ÃŽ µ is total strain, ÃŽ µe is the elastic strain and ÃŽ µin is the inelastic strain. In this work, we neglect creep and thus consider only the plastic strain to be the inelastic strain. Hence we can proceed to rewrite the above equation as : ÃŽ µ = ÃŽ µe+ ÃŽ µp(2.2) where ÃŽ µp is the plastic strain. Let us consider a field with stress ÏÆ' = ÏÆ'i j(x) and external volume forces fi. Thus the equilibrium condition is given as: ∂ÏÆ'i j + f ∂xii = 0;i, jÃŽ µ {1,2,3} (2.3) From the balance of moment of momentum equation, we know that the Cauchy stress ten- sor is symmetric in nature. The strain tensor is calculated from the gradient of displacement, uas: 1 .∂uj∂ui. ÃŽ µi j = 2 ∂xi + ∂x (2.4) The Hookes law for the relation between stress and strain tensors is given using the elastic part of the strain: ÏÆ' = E · ÃŽ µe(2.5) where ÃŽ µe and the stress ÏÆ' are second order tensors. E is the fourth order elasticity tensor. Equipotential surfaces In the traditional plasticity theory which is time independent, the stress state is governed by a yield surface and loading-unloading conditions. In Viscoplasticity the time or rate dependent plasticity is described by a series of concentric equipotential surfaces. The location on the centre and its size determine the stress state of a given material. Fig. 2.1 Illustration of equipotential surfaces from [21] It can be understood that the inner most surface or the surface closest to the centre represents a null flow rate(à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ = 0). As shown in Figure (2.1), the outer most and the farthest surface from the centre represents infinite flow rate (à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ = ∞). These two surfaces represent the extremes governed by the time independent plasticity laws. The region in between is governed by Viscoplasticity[21]. The size of the equipotential surface is proportional to the flow rate. Greater the flow, greater is the surface size. The region between the centre and the inner most surface is the elastic domain. Flow begins at this inner most surface( f=0). In Viscoplasticity, there are two types of hardening rules to be considered: (i) Kinematic hardening and (ii) isotropic hardening. The Kinematic hardening describes the movement of the equipotential surfaces in the stress plane. From material science, this behaviour is known to be the result of dislocations accumulating at the barriers. Thus it helps in describing the Bauschinger effect [27] which states that when a material is subjected to yielding by  Ã‚  Ã‚   a compressive load, the elastic domain is increased for the consecutive tensile load. This behaviour is represented by ÃŽ ± which does not evolve continuously during cyclic loads and thus fails to describe cyclic hardening or softening behaviours. A schematic representation is shown in Fig.(2.2). Fig. 2.2 Linear Kinematic hardening and Stress-strain response from [11] The isotropic hardening on the other hand describes the change in size of the surface and assumes that the centre and shape remains unchanged. This behaviour is due to the number of dislocations in a material and the energy stored in it. It is represented by variable r, which evolves continuously during cyclic loadings. This can be controlled by the recovery phase. As a result, isotropic behaviour is helpful is modelling the cyclic hardening and softening phenomena. A schematic representation is shown in Fig.(2.3). Fig. 2.3 Linear Isotropic hardening and Stress-strain response from [11] From Thermodynamics, we know the free energy potential(ψ ) to be a scalar function [21]. With respect to temperature T, it is concave. But convex with respect to other internal variables. Thus, it can be defined as : ψ= ψ.   ,T,ÃŽ µe,ÃŽ µp,Vk.(2.6) where ÃŽ µ,Tare the only measured quantities that can help model plasticity. Vkrepresents the set of internal variable, also known as state variables which help define the memory of the previous stress states. In Viscoplasticity, it is assumed that ψ depends only on ÃŽ µe,T,Vk. Thus we have: ψ= ψ.   e,T,Vk.(2.7) According to thermodynamic rules, stress is associated with strain and the entropy with temperature. This helps us define the following relations: ÏÆ' = Ï  . ∂ψ. ∂Î µe ,s = − .∂ψ. ∂T (2.8) where Ï  is density and s is entropy. It is possible to decouple the free energy function and split it into the elastic and plastic parts. ψ= ψe.   e,T.+ ψp.   ,r,T.(2.9) Similar to ÏÆ', the thermodynamic forces corresponding to ÃŽ ± and r is given by: X = Ï  .∂ψ. ∂Î ± ,R = Ï  .∂ψ. ∂r (2.10) Here we have X the back stress tensor, used to measure Kinematic hardening. It is noted as a Kinematic hardening variable which defines the position tensor of the centre of equipotential surface. Similarly Ris the Isotropic hardening variable which governs the size of the equipotential surface. Dissipation potential The equipotential surfaces that describe Viscoplasticity have some properties. Points on each surface have a magnitude equal to the strain rate. Points on each surface have the same dissipation potential. If potential is zero, there is no plasticity and it refers to the elastic domain. The dissipation potential is represented by à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ which is a convex function. It can be defined in a dual form as: à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ = à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦.   ,X,R; T,ÃŽ ±,r.(2.11) It is a positive function and if the variables ÏÆ',X,Rare zero, then the potential is also zero. The normalityrule, defined in [22] suggests that the outward normal vector is proportional to the gradient of the yield function. Applying the normality rule, we may obtain the following relations: ∂à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ ÃŽ µÃƒâ€¹Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚   p = ∂ÏÆ', ÃŽ ±Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â€ž ¢   = ∂à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ , ∂X ∂ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ rËâ„ ¢ = ∂R (2.12) Considering the recovery effects in Viscoplasticity, the dissipation potential can be split into two parts: à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ = à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦p+ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦r(2.13) where à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦p is the Viscoplastic potential and à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦r   the recovery potential which are defined as : à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦p=à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦p..− X. − R− k,X,R; T,ÃŽ ±,r. ,(2.14) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦r=à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦r.   ,R; T,ÃŽ ±,r.(2.15) .3 J2 . . †²Ã¢â‚¬ ².†²Ã¢â‚¬ ² ÏÆ'− X=2  Ã‚   ÏÆ'− X:  Ã‚   ÏÆ' − X (2.16) where J2 .− X. refers to the norm on the stress plane and kis the initial yield or the initial size of equipotential surface. Going back to the relation in (2.12) , we have: ∂J2 . X. ÏÆ'†² − X †² ÏÆ' ∂à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦Ã¢Ë†â€šÃƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ ÃŽ µÃƒâ€¹Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   == 3 =pËâ„ ¢ (2.17) p∂ÏÆ'∂J2 . .∂ÏÆ' 2ÏÆ'− X. Here, p is the accumulated viscoplastic strain, given by : .2 pËâ„ ¢Ã‚  Ã‚   = ÃŽ µÃƒâ€¹Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚   p : ÃŽ µÃƒâ€¹Ã¢â€ž ¢p(2.18) 3 Also applying the normality rule on eq. (2.15) we may define r as : rËâ„ ¢ = pËâ„ ¢ − ∂à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦r(2.19) ∂R Thus when recovery is ignored (i.e à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦r = 0), r is equal to p. Perfect viscoplasticity Let us consider pure viscoplasticity where hardening is ignored. Thus the internal variables may also be removed. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ = à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦. ,T.(2.20) Since plasticity is independent of volumetric stress, we may consider just the deviatoric stress ÏÆ' †² = ÏÆ' − 1 tr(ÏÆ')I. Using isotropic property, we may just use the second invariant of ÏÆ' †². Thus: à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ = à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦. (ÏÆ' ),T.(2.21) Applying the normality rule here, we may obtain the flow rule for Viscoplasticity. ∂à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦3∂à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ÃÆ'†² ÃŽ µÃƒâ€¹Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   == (2.22) p∂ÏÆ' 2 ∂J2 .ÏÆ'. J2 .ÏÆ'. From the Odqvists law [12], the dissipation potential for perfect viscoplasticity can be obtained. Here the elastic part is ignored. Thus we have: ÃŽ » à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ = n + 1 .J2(ÏÆ').n+1 ÃŽ » (2.23) where ÃŽ » and n are material parameters. Using this relation in the flow rule from eq.(2.22), we get: .J2(ÏÆ').nÏÆ'†² 3 ÃŽ µÃƒâ€¹Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   = p2ÃŽ » J2 . . (2.24) Further the elasticity domain can be included through the parameter kwhich is a measure of the initial yield: 3 ÃŽ µÃƒâ€¹Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   = .J2(ÏÆ') − k.nÏÆ'†² (2.25) p2ÃŽ » J2 . . The are the Macauley brackets defined by : à ¢Ã… ¸Ã‚ ¨Fà ¢Ã… ¸Ã‚ © = F · H(F),H(F) = .1   ifF0 (2.26) 0   ifF

Ethnic Minorities in America Essay -- Ethnicity Hearing Impaired Paper

Ethnic Minorities in America In the United States the term "minority" often infers membership within an ethnic or cultural minority group. However, this term also encompasses other groups that lack equality, such as women, homosexuals and people with disabilities. By definition, the hearing majority classifies Deaf people as minorities because of their inability to hear. Yet linguists and social scientists argue that the basis of Deaf people's status as a minority group is not one of disability, but as a cultural and linguistic minority (Lane, Hoffmeister and Bahan: 1996: 335-6). In order to assert that Deaf people are a linguistic and cultural minority in America the characteristics of a minority group must first be defined. According to Schaeffer, members of a minority group share the following five characteristics: Members of a minority group experience unequal treatment and have less power over their lives than members of a dominant group. Members of a minority group share physical and cultural characteristics that distinguish them such as skin color or language. Each society has its own arbitrary standard for determining which characteristics are most important in defining dominant and minority groups. Membership in a dominant or majority group is often involuntary Minority group members have a strong sense of group solidarity. Members of a minority group generally marry others from the same group. (Schaffer, 1998: 6) Furthermore, ethnic minorities have other characteristics that set them apart from the majority such as language, national origin and cultural differences. (Schaffer, 1998: 7) Audism is defined as an attitude based on pathological thinking which results in a negative stigma toward anyon... ...ick. The World According to Pat: Reflections of Residential School Days ASLRTC Video Proceedings, TJ Publishers, Silver Spring, MD. Humphrey, Jan and Alcorn, Bob (1995). So You Want To Be An Interpreter: An Introduction to Sign Language Interpreting (2nd Edition) H&H Publishers, Amarillo, TX. Lane, Harlan; Hoffmeister, Rob and Bahan, Ben (1996). A Journey Into the Deaf-World Dawn Sign Press, San Diego, CA. Padden, Carol and Humphries, Tom (1988). Deaf In America: Voices From a Culture Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. Schaeffer, Richard T. (1998). Racial and Ethnic Groups (7th Edition) Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers, Inc., New York, NY. Shelly, Suan and Schneck, Jim (1998). The Complete Idiot's Guide to Learning Sign Language Alpha Books, New York, NY. Wilcox, Sherman (ed) (1989). American Deaf Culture Linstok Press, Burtonsville, MD.